EPS-TOPIK Chapter 11-1 Grammar : Saying What You Have To Do

Chapter 11-1

Verb/Adj. Stem + -아야/어야 되다

“Must / Have To” (Kailangan)

🛑 WAIT! Grammar is way easier once you know the words — if you haven’t studied Chapter 11-1 Vocabulary (Waste Sorting) yet, go memorize them first! Today we’ll learn -아야/어야 되다, how to say you MUST do something.

🇵🇭 Teka muna! Mas madali ang grammar kapag alam mo na ang mga salita — kung hindi mo pa naaral ang Chapter 11-1 Vocabulary (Waste Sorting), i-memorize muna ito! Ngayon, aralin natin ang -아야/어야 되다, kung paano sabihing KAILANGAN mong gawin ang isang bagay.

👉 Go to Vocabulary Ch 11-1 First

📌 1. What is -아야/어야 되다?

-아야/어야 되다 is attached to verbs and adjectives to show that the subject MUST do something, or that it’s simply necessary.
🇵🇭 Idinidikit ang -아야/어야 되다 sa mga pandiwa at pang-uri upang ipakita na KAILANGANG gawin ng paksa ang isang bagay, o na kailangan lang talaga ito.

[Basic pattern] — Same vowel check as -아요/어요!
✅ Last vowel ㅏ or ㅗ 👉 + -아야 되다 (e.g., 가다 → 가야 돼요)
✅ Last vowel ㅓ, ㅜ, ㅣ, etc. 👉 + -어야 되다 (e.g., 읽다 → 읽어야 돼요)
✅ Verbs ending in -하다 👉 + -해야 되다 (e.g., 일하다 → 일해야 돼요)

💡 TIP: 되다 or 하다 — both work!
You can replace 되다 with 하다 (-아야/어야 하다) — same meaning. 하다 is more common in formal or written Korean.
🇵🇭 Maaari mong palitan ang 되다 ng 하다 (-아야/어야 하다) — parehong kahulugan. Mas karaniwang gamitin ang 하다 sa pormal o nakasulat na Korean.
Example: 회사에 가야 해요. = 회사에 가야 합니다. (formal)

💡 Remember: “Stem” means removing -다 first! Full explanation in Chapter 4-1.
🇵🇭 Tandaan: tinatanggal muna ang -다 para makuha ang “stem”! Buong paliwanag sa Chapter 4-1.

📖 2. Example Sentences

Korean	Meaning (English / Tagalog)
회사에 가야 돼요.	🇺🇸 I have to go to work. 🇵🇭 Kailangan kong pumunta sa trabaho.
책을 읽어야 돼요.	🇺🇸 I have to read the book. 🇵🇭 Kailangan kong basahin ang libro.
가: 주말에 일해야 돼요? 나: 네, 주말에 일해야 돼요.	🇺🇸 A: Do you have to work on weekends? B: Yes, I do. 🇵🇭 Kailangan mo bang magtrabaho tuwing weekend? / Oo, kailangan.
헌 옷은 수거함에 넣어야 돼요.	🇺🇸 Old clothes must go in the collection box. 🇵🇭 Kailangang ilagay ang lumang damit sa collection box.

💡 Quick tip: Same vowel-check logic from -아요/어요 (Chapter 4-1). This one’s especially useful in Korea — waste sorting rules are strict, so you’ll use this pattern a lot!

🎧 Final Step: Practice the Real Sound with Nova Player!

Learn with your ears, NOT your eyes! Listen and repeat again and again until it feels natural to you! 👇

👉 [VOCA] Ch 11-1
👉 [GRAMMAR] Ch 11-2
👉 [CONVERSATION] Ch 11-1

Source: HRD Korea Standard Textbook for EPS-TOPIK, rearranged by Teacher Nova for easier learning.
Pinagmulan: HRD Korea Standard Textbook para sa EPS-TOPIK, inayos ni Teacher Nova para sa mas madaling pag-aaral.