EPS-TOPIK Chapter 8-2 Grammar : Connecting Actions and States

Chapter 8-2

Verb/Adj. Stem + -고

Listing Things (Pagsasabi ng Sunod-sunod)

🛑 WAIT! Grammar is way easier once you know the words — if you haven’t studied Chapter 8-2 Vocabulary (Appearance & Personality) yet, go memorize them first! Today we’ll learn -고, how to connect two or more things in one sentence.

🇵🇭 Teka muna! Mas madali ang grammar kapag alam mo na ang mga salita — kung hindi mo pa naaral ang Chapter 8-2 Vocabulary (Appearance & Personality), i-memorize muna ito! Ngayon, aralin natin ang -고, kung paano ikonekta ang dalawa o higit pang bagay sa isang pangungusap.

👉 Go to Vocabulary Ch 8-2 First

📌 1. What is -고?

-고 is attached to verbs and adjectives to list two or more states, actions, or facts — like saying “and” in the middle of a sentence.
🇵🇭 Idinidikit ang -고 sa mga pandiwa at pang-uri upang ilista ang dalawa o higit pang kalagayan, kilos, o katotohanan — parang sinasabing “at” sa gitna ng pangungusap.

[Basic pattern] Verb/Adj. stem + -고

This simply means: “[A], and [B].”

💡 TIP: -고 can also mean “and then”
-고 isn’t just for listing — it’s also used to connect two actions that happen in order, one after another.
🇵🇭 Hindi lang para sa paglilista ang -고 — ginagamit din ito para ikonekta ang dalawang kilos na nangyayari nang sunod-sunod, isa pagkatapos ng isa.
Example: 카림 씨는 운동을 하고 샤워했어요. (Karim exercised, and then showered.)

💡 Remember: “Stem” means removing -다 first! Full explanation in Chapter 4-1.
🇵🇭 Tandaan: tinatanggal muna ang -다 para makuha ang “stem”! Buong paliwanag sa Chapter 4-1.

📖 2. Example Sentences

Korean	Meaning (English / Tagalog)
닛차난 씨는 키가 크고 머리가 길어요.	🇺🇸 Nitchanan is tall and has long hair. 🇵🇭 Matangkad si Nitchanan at may mahabang buhok.
저는 음식을 만들고 민민아웅 씨는 설거지를 해요.	🇺🇸 I cook, and Minminaung washes the dishes. 🇵🇭 Nagluluto ako at si Minminaung ay naghuhugas ng pinggan.
다라 씨는 캄보디아 사람이고 칼로 씨는 필리핀 사람이에요.	🇺🇸 Dara is Cambodian, and Kalo is Filipino. 🇵🇭 Cambodian si Dara at Filipino si Kalo.
가: 칼로 씨는 어때요? 나: 재미있고 착해요.	🇺🇸 A: How is Kalo? B: Fun and kind. 🇵🇭 Kumusta si Kalo? / Masaya at mabait.

💡 Quick tip: Good news — -고 attaches straight to the stem, no batchim rule, no vowel check! It’s one of the easiest connectors in Korean. Just remember: it can mean “and” (listing) OR “and then” (sequence), depending on context.

🎧 Final Step: Practice the Real Sound with Nova Player!

Learn with your ears, NOT your eyes! Listen and repeat again and again until it feels natural to you! 👇

👉 [VOCA] Ch 8-2
👉 [GRAMMAR] Ch 9-1
👉 [CONVERSATION] Ch 8-2

Source: HRD Korea Standard Textbook for EPS-TOPIK, rearranged by Teacher Nova for easier learning.
Pinagmulan: HRD Korea Standard Textbook para sa EPS-TOPIK, inayos ni Teacher Nova para sa mas madaling pag-aaral.